What regulation established the prohibition of the death penalty in the Philippines?

The correct answer, R.A. 9346, is significant as it specifically addresses the prohibition of the death penalty in the Philippines. This law, enacted in 2006, effectively suspended the use of capital punishment in the country, reflecting a broader move towards reforming the criminal justice system and placing emphasis on human rights and rehabilitation.

R.A. 9346 replaced the previous death penalty provisions with a maximum sentence of life imprisonment, demonstrating a shift in the Philippine government's stance on capital punishment. The law was a response to various advocacy efforts from local and international human rights organizations that argued against the death penalty based on ethical concerns and its effectiveness as a deterrent to crime.

This legislation highlights the evolving legal and societal perspectives on criminal justice in the Philippines, aiming to promote humane treatment and rehabilitation rather than retribution. As such, R.A. 9346 plays a pivotal role in the history of penal reforms within the country.