What is a subpoena?

A subpoena is a legal document that compels an individual to appear before a court or to produce documents, records, or evidence in a legal proceeding. It serves as an important mechanism in the judicial process, ensuring that witnesses and evidence necessary for a case are available to support the claims being made.

Understanding this concept is crucial for those studying criminology and law because it highlights the procedural aspects of how testimony and evidence can be legally obtained. This document can significantly impact the outcome of a case, as the presence of a witness or essential evidence can either strengthen or weaken a party's argument.

The other options presented pertain to different legal concepts. A type of criminal charge represents an accusation made by the state against an individual, whereas a method for sentencing offenders refers to the various ways in which a court may impose penalties following a conviction. Lastly, a court's decision on a legal matter reflects the conclusion reached by a judge or jury after examining the evidence and arguments presented during a trial. Each of these options refers to distinct facets of the legal process, but they do not represent the specific function and role that a subpoena plays within that process.