What characterizes the inquisitorial system of criminal procedure?

The inquisitorial system of criminal procedure is characterized by a primary focus on the judge's role during the investigation and trial phases. In this system, the investigation typically occurs in secrecy to protect the integrity of the evidence and the privacy of the individuals involved. This approach allows for a more thorough gathering of information without the immediate scrutiny of public trials, which can sometimes influence the behaviors of witnesses or the accused. Secrecy helps ensure that the investigation can proceed without interference, which is a key component of how cases are handled in many jurisdictions that utilize an inquisitorial approach.

In contrast to the inquisitorial system, open courtroom proceedings, the right to appeal, and public defense representation are more characteristics of the adversarial system commonly used in common law jurisdictions, where the focus is on a contest between opposing parties in a public forum. In those systems, transparency and rights to representation are highly emphasized to uphold fairness in the judicial process.