Which type of sanction is primarily aimed at changing an offender's behavior?

The correct choice, which focuses on rehabilitation, is centered on the idea of modifying an offender's behavior to prevent future crimes. This approach seeks to address the underlying issues or factors that may have contributed to the individual's criminal actions, such as mental health problems, substance abuse, lack of education, or social influences. By providing various forms of support, such as counseling, education programs, or vocational training, the goal of rehabilitation is to help offenders reintegrate into society as law-abiding citizens.

Incapacitation aims to protect society by removing the offender from the community, which does not directly address behavior change. Meanwhile, retribution focuses on punishment as a way to serve justice for the crime committed, rather than altering future behavior. Deterrence, on the other hand, is intended to discourage criminal activity by instilling fear of punishment but does not necessarily lead to a change in behavior for the offender themselves. Thus, rehabilitation is the most effective strategy for transforming the individual's actions over time.