What does self-mutilation refer to?

Self-mutilation refers specifically to the act of deliberately harming one's own body as a means of coping with emotional distress, expressing psychological pain, or seeking a sense of control over one's body. This behavior can manifest in various forms, such as cutting, burning, or hitting oneself, and is often associated with underlying mental health issues like depression, anxiety, or trauma.

Understanding self-mutilation as an act of self-harm highlights its intentional nature, distinguishing it from other forms of injury that are not purposefully inflicted, such as those resulting from accidents or external causes. The focus on deliberate action in self-mutilation also sets it apart from behavior categorized strictly as punishment for offenses, which is generally exerted by external entities, rather than oneself. Thus, the choice that characterizes self-mutilation accurately captures its essence in psychological and criminological contexts.